Plaid in the Classroom: The Surprising History of Tartan School Uniforms

Dress Codes, a new series delving into the historical influence of fashion on various cultural spheres, now explores the prevalence of plaid in school uniforms. As students return to school, the pattern adorns skirts, jumpers, and ties, evoking a sense of tradition and unity. But how did this textile, with its roots in Scottish identity and rebellion, become a global school uniform staple?

The plaid's journey to school uniforms is a tale of both national identity and fashion. It communicates a sense of belonging, as noted by Mhairi Maxwell, co-curator of the "Tartan" exhibition. Tartan's adaptability allows for a wide range of designs while maintaining its recognizable structure, making it an ideal choice for schools seeking to foster a sense of community and pride.

The history of tartan is complex, with its origins often shrouded in mystery. Its association with Scottish Highlanders and the iconic Bonnie Prince Charlie has played a significant role in its evolution. Despite being suppressed for decades by the British Dress Act, tartan experienced a revival in the 19th century, endorsed by the royals and becoming a symbol of status and wealth.

Tartan's introduction to American school uniforms in the 1960s was driven by major uniform suppliers like Bendinger Brothers and Eisenberg and O’Hara, who saw an opportunity to capitalize on the growing Catholic market. The pattern's visual impact and its ability to create a collective identity made it an attractive choice for schools.

Today, plaid's influence continues to grow, with public schools adopting uniforms and retailers like Gap and The Children’s Place offering plaid options. The pattern's versatility and cultural resonance ensure its enduring presence in school attire and popular culture, from the classic "Clueless" to modern reinterpretations by designers and celebrities.

In essence, the plaid's popularity in school uniforms is a reflection of its rich history, its capacity to foster a sense of belonging, and its adaptability to various contexts and styles.